Q1 : What is the one most important thing DevOps helps do?
A : The most important thing DevOps helps to do is to get the changes into production as quickly as possible while minimizing risks in software quality assurance and compliance. That is the primary objective of DevOps. However, there are many other positive side-effects to DevOps. For example, clearer communication and better working relationships between teams which creates a less stressful working environment.
Q2 : What is chef in DevOps?
A : Chef is a configuration management tool for dealing with machine set up on physical servers, virtual machines and in the cloud.
Q3 : Which scripting languages do you think are most important for a DevOps engineer?
A : As far as scripting languages go, the simpler the better. In fact, the language itself isn’t as important as understanding design patterns and development paradigms such as procedural, object-oriented, or functional programming.
Q4 : What is a chef server?
A : The Chef server acts as a hub for configuration data. The Chef server stores cookbooks, the policies that are applied to nodes, and metadata that describes each registered node that is being managed by Chef. Nodes use the Chef client to ask the Chef server for configuration details, such as recipes, templates, and file distributions.
Q5 : What is chef_acl resource in chef?
A : Use the chef_acl resource to interact with access control lists (ACLs) that exist on the Chef server.
Syntax: The syntax for using the chef_acl resource in a recipe is as follows:
chef_acl ‘name’ do
attribute ‘value’ # see properties section below
…
action :action # see actions section below
end
Q6 : What is the command you use to upload a cookbook to the Chef server?
A : You can directly mention the command to upload a cookbook to the Chef server “knife cookbook upload”.
Q7 : What is run-list in Chef?
A : run-list lets you specify which Recipes to run, and the order in which to run them. The run-list is important when you have multiple Cookbooks and the order in which they run matters.
Depending on the discussion if you think more explanation is required just mention the below points
A run-list is:
An ordered list of roles and/or recipes that are run in the exact order defined in the run-list; if a recipe appears more than once in the run-list, the chef-client will not run it twice.
Always specific to the node on which it runs; nodes may have a run-list that is identical to the run-list used by other nodes.
Stored as part of the node object on the Chef server.
Maintained using knife, and then uploaded from the workstation to the Chef server, or is maintained using the Chef management console.
Q8 : What is knife SSL check command in chef?
A : Run the knife SSL check subcommand to verify the state of the SSL certificate, and then use the response to help troubleshoot issues that may be present.
Q9 : Describe two-factor authentication?
A : Two-factor authentication is a security process in which the user provides two means of identification from separate categories of credentials; one is typically a physical token, such as a card, and the other is typically something memorized, such as a security code.
Q10 : What is a Node in Chef?
A : A Node represents a server and is typically a virtual machine, container instance, or physical server – basically, any computer resource in your infrastructure that is managed by Chef.
Q11 : What testing is necessary to ensure that a new service is ready for production?
A : DevOps is all about continuous testing throughout the process, starting with development through to production. Everyone shares the testing responsibility. This ensures that developers are delivering code that doesn’t have any errors and is of high quality, and it also helps everyone leverage their time most effectively.
Q12 : What is chef in automation?
A : Chef is a powerful automation platform that transforms infrastructure into code.s The Chef server acts as a hub for configuration data.
Q13 : What’s a PTR in DNS?
A : Pointer records are used to map a network interface (IP) to a hostname. These are primarily used for reverse DNS. Reverse DNS is set up very similar to how normal (forward) DNS is set up. When you delegate the DNS forward, the owner of the domain tells the registrar to let your domain use specific name servers
Q14 : Why do we use SSL Certificates in chef?
A : An SSL certificate is used between the chef-client and the Chef server to ensure that each node has access to the right data.
Q15 : What is an MX record in DNS?
A : MX records are mail exchange records used for determining the priority of email servers for a domain. The lowest priority email server is the first destination for email. If the lowest priority email server is unavailable, mail will be sent to the higher priority email servers.
Q16 : How would you make software deployable?
A : The ability to script the installation and reconfiguration of software systems is essential for controlled and automated change. Although there is an increasing trend for new software to enable this, older systems and products suffer from the assumption that changes would be infrequent and minor, and so make automated changes difficult. As a professional who appreciates the need to expose configuration and settings in a manner accessible to automation, I will work with concepts like Inversion of Control (IoC) and Dependency Injection, scripted installation, test harnesses, separation of concerns, command-line tools, and infrastructure as code.
Q17 : What is SSL_CERT_FILE in chef?
A : Use the SSL_CERT_FILE environment variable to specify the location for the SSL certificate authority (CA) bundle that is used by the chef-client.
Q18 : What are Data Bags?
A : A data bag is a global variable that is stored as JSON data and is accessible from a Chef server. A data bag is indexed for searching and can be loaded by a recipe or accessed during a search.
Q19 : What information do you need in order to bootstrap in Chef?
A : Just mention the information you need in order to bootstrap:
Your node’s hostname or public IP address.
A username and password you can log on to your node with.
Alternatively, you can use key-based authentication instead of providing a username and password.
Q20 : How does HTTP work?
A : The HTTP protocol works in a client and server model like most other protocols. A web browser using which a request is initiated is called as a client and a web server software which responds to that request is called a server. World Wide Web Consortium and the Internet Engineering Task Force are two important spokes in the standardization of the HTTP protocol. HTTP allows improvement of its request and response with the help of intermediates, for example, a gateway, a proxy, or a tunnel. The resources that can be requested using the HTTP protocol, are made available using a certain type of URI (Uniform Resource Identifier) called a URL (Uniform Resource Locator). TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) is used to establish a connection to the application layer port 80 used by HTTP.
Comments are closed.