Q1 : Distinguish between routing and switching?
A :
- Routing : It moves a letter or telephone call to the access layer.
- Switching: The final delivery is made by switching and the switching decision is made on the part of the address that isn’t used in routing.
Q2 : Can you explain the purpose of a default route?
A : The street name and number are the access layer components. The city name is the distribution layer component. The state name is the core layer component.
A : A default route is used if there is not a specific entry in the routing table for the destination.Q6 : What is the difference between STP and RSTP?
A : STP is used to prevent switching loop in the switching network, while RSTP is almost the same as STP just only one thing which is timing of port forwarding has been reduced to 0.Q7 : What is the difference between RIP and OSPF?
A : RIP broadcast its routing table after every 30 seconds while OSPF only update those entries which are missing the neighbor routing table
Q8 : What is the purpose or HTTP protocol?
A : It is used to transfer data or files over the internet.
Q9 : How does the use of a hierarchical routing structure (access, distribution, and core) enable a scalable delivery system?
A : If a delivery system is not divided into access, distribution, and core layers, every point in the system needs to maintain every possible destination address to make a delivery decision. The use of a layered system means each layer needs only the information necessary to deliver to the next layer, either above or below.
Q10: How Many Types Of Rip Messages?
A : There are two type of RIP messages, they are request and respond.
Q11 : At which layer SIP protocol work?
A : SIP work at Application layer of OSI.
Q12 : What is a load balancer?
A : It is a network device which is used to balance the load in on available nodes.
Q13 : What is the AD for each of the following?
A :
- Directly connected interface 0
- Static route 1
- EIGRP 90
- IGRP 100
- OSPF 110
- RIP 120
- External EIGRP 170
- Unknown 255
Q14 : What are the three classes of routing protocols?
A :
- Distance vector
- Link-state
- Balanced hybrid
Q15 : What is Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (IGRP)?
A : IGRP is a Cisco proprietary distance vector routing protocol. IGRP has a default hop count of 100 hops, with a maximum hop count of 255. IGRP uses bandwidth and line delay as its default metric, but it can also use reliability, load, and MTU.
Q16 : What are triggered updates?
A : When a router notices that a directly connected subnet has changed state, it immediately sends another routing update out its other interfaces rather than waiting for the routing update timer to expire. Triggered updates are also known as Flash updates.
Q17 : What QoS parameters are required to transfers credential file from one source to a destination?
A : The main QoS parameters required is Bandwidth and Data loss.
Q18 : Why are multiple protocols used, such as a package, addressing, delivery, and transportation, instead of using one protocol defining everything?
A : Using multiple protocols is modular and allows changes to one protocol without affecting the others. For example, if the addressing protocol is dependent on the delivery protocol, changes to one would imply changes need to be made to the other.
Q19 : What are the access, distribution, and core components of a postal address?
A : The street name and number are the access layer components. The city name is the distribution layer component. The state name is the core layer component.
Q20 : What will the BGP first check to see if a prefix is accessible?
A : BGP will check next hop attribute to determine next hop is accessible